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[Czechia] Jan Hus day (July 6th)
Den upalení mistra Jana Husa. Johannes Hus (Czech: Jan Hus) (ca. 1369/1370 - 6 July 1415) was a Bohemian professor who is regarded as a forerunner of the Reformation. This is a national celebration in Czechia on July 6th. In his time, three popes disputed each other's authority. There were great tensions between the Czech population and the German clergy; Jan Hus was the interpreter of this. Hus used the reflections of John Wyclif (c. 1330-1384) on the church as a community of the elect. He adhered to official church doctrine, but criticized the church organization and later also the papacy. Hus called the church back to the Bible. He was repeatedly condemned and finally sentenced to the stake by the Council of Constance (1414), despite a safe conduct from Roman king Sigismund. He was burned at the stake on the Grote Markt, near the Tyn Church in Prague. Now there is a large monument, with his reclining image, on the place where the scaffold used to be. The supporters of Hus, the Hussites, took up arms when Sigismund of Luxembourg also became king of Bohemia in 1419. There were two groups of the Hussites: the Utraquists and the Taborites. The Utraquists wanted the sacrament administration under both guises (sub utraque specie); the Taborites were much more radical and rejected as unbiblical than Hus had done. "Sancta simplicitas" (Sacred Simplicity) When Hus stood at the stake, he must have said this, shaking his head, to an old woman who came forward with a twig for the stake. But it is also possible that Hieronymus van Praag said this when he met the same fate a year later.
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Pongal (Jan)
Pongal is a harvest festival celebrated by the Tamil community. It is a celebration to thank the Sun, Mother Nature and the various farm animals that help to contribute to a bountiful harvest. Celebrated over four days, Pongal also marks the beginning of the Tamil month called Thai, which is considered an auspicious month. It usually falls on the 14th or 15th of January each year. Pongal is also the name of the dish made and eaten during this festival. It is a mixture of boiled sweet rice. It is derived from the Tamil word pongu, which means “to boil over”. The first day of Pongal is called Bhogi. It is a day where cleaning and discarding of old belongings are carried out to signify a fresh start. New clothes are worn, houses are decorated in the spirit of the festivity. The second day is the main day of Pongal and is celebrated as Surya Pongal. On this day, the Sun God is honoured. Colourful decorative floor patterns called kolam are drawn at the entrance of one’s home, and each household cooks a pot of fresh rice with milk at auspicious timings. As the milk boils freely over the pot, family members shout out happily “Pongalo Pongal”! After the Pongal is offered to the Sun God, they would feast on several Pongal dishes that are prepared especially for the day. The third day of Pongal is called Maatu Pongal. This day is devoted to honour and worship the cattle (Maatu) to remember the work they do – ploughing the land. Cows are bathed and adorned with multi-coloured beads, flowers garlands, and bells. In Singapore, thanksgiving prayers would be conducted for the cattle at some dairy farms owned by Indians. The fourth day of Pongal is called Kaanum Pongal. On this day, importance is given to the community and to strengthen ties. Families gather together to have a sumptuous meal. Younger members seek the blessings of the older members of their families. It is also a day for traditional Indian folk dances such as mayilattam and kolattam. Pongal is one of the most important festivals celebrated by Tamil people in India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Mauritius, South Africa, Singapore, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and the Gulf countries https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/leisure/2022/01/14/pongal-celebration-and-its-significance/
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[Hungary] Inventors' Day (Magyar Feltalálók Napja) June 13
In Hungary, Inventors’ Day is celebrated every year on June 13 in memory of Albert Szent-Györgyi, who registered his patent for vitamin C in 1941. He is one of the 16 Hungarian inventors who have been awarded the Nobel Prize. Szent-Györgyi was born in Budapest in 1893. His maternal grandfather and uncle were Professors of Anatomy at Eötvös Loránd University, which may have influenced his choice of career. In 1911, Szent-Györgyi became a student at Semmelweis University, Hungary’s oldest medical school, and began research in his uncle’s lab. After World War I, Szent-Györgyi carried out research in Bratislava and Groningen. In 1927, he received a PhD from the University of Cambridge for isolating an organic acid which he then called “hexuronic acid”. Three years later, he accepted a position at the University of Szeged. Szent-Györgyi’s most important discovery was the isolation of ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C, which he studied from 1928 to 1932. He discovered that the bell pepper contained large amounts of this acid, and isolated ascorbic acid from paprika. Thanks to Szent-Györgyi’s research, British chemist Walter Norman Haworth was able to determine the structure of ascorbic acid and synthesize it. In 1937, both scientists were awarded a Nobel Prize for their research. Szent-Györgyi received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, and Haworth shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Paul Karrer. On June 13, 1941 Szent-Györgyi received a national patent for synthesized ascorbic acid. The anniversary of this event is now celebrated as Hungarian Inventors’ Day. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inventors%27_Day#Hungary https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Szent-Gy%C3%B6rgyi
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