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[Vietnam] Hồ Chí Minh
Hồ Chí Minh[a] (born Nguyễn Sinh Cung;[b][3][4] 19 May 1890 – 2 September 1969[c]), commonly known as Bác Hồ ('Uncle Hồ')[7] or simply known as Bác,[d] also known as Hồ Chủ tịch ('President Hồ'), Nguyễn Tất Thành, Nguyễn Ái Quốc, Người cha già của dân tộc ('Father of the people'), was a Vietnamese revolutionary and statesman. He served as Prime Minister of North Vietnam from 1945 to 1955 and he also served as President of North Vietnam from 1945 until his death in 1969. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist, he served as Chairman and First Secretary of the Workers' Party of Vietnam. Hồ Chí Minh was born in Nghệ An province, in Central Vietnam. He led the Việt Minh independence movement from 1941 onward. Initially, it was an umbrella group for all parties fighting for Vietnam's independence, but the Communist Party gained majority support after 1945. Hồ Chí Minh led the Communist-led Democratic Republic of Vietnam in 1945, defeating the French Union in 1954 at the Battle of Điện Biên Phủ, ending the First Indochina War, and resulting in the division of Vietnam, with the Communists in control of North Vietnam. He was a key figure in the People's Army of Vietnam and the Việt Cộng during the Vietnam War, which lasted from 1955 to 1975. Ho officially stepped down from power in 1965 due to health problems and died in 1969. North Vietnam was ultimately victorious against South Vietnam and its allies, and Vietnam was officially unified in 1976. Saigon, the former capital of South Vietnam, was renamed Ho Chi Minh City in his honor. The details of Hồ Chí Minh's life before he came to power in Vietnam are uncertain. He is known to have used between 50[8]: 582  and 200 pseudonyms.[9] Information on his birth and early life is ambiguous and subject to academic debate. At least four existing official biographies vary on names, dates, places, and other hard facts while unofficial biographies vary even more widely.[10] Aside from being a politician, Ho was also a writer, a poet, and a journalist. He wrote several books, articles and poems in Chinese, Vietnamese and French.
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Feminist Icons Stamp Set Collection for Women's Day
Asia Bangladesh: Begum Rokeya - A pioneer in women’s education and rights, she established the first school for Muslim girls in South Asia. India: Savitribai Phule - India’s first female teacher and a social reformer who worked for women’s education and against caste discrimination. China: Qiu Jin - A revolutionary poet and advocate for women’s rights, she fought against arranged marriages and promoted education for women. Pakistan: Malala Yousafzai - The youngest Nobel Peace Prize laureate, advocating for girls' education worldwide. Europe Germany: Clara Zetkin - A Marxist feminist who played a significant role in the socialist women’s movement and helped establish International Women’s Day. France: Simone de Beauvoir - Philosopher and author of The Second Sex, a foundational text in feminist theory. United Kingdom: Emmeline Pankhurst - Leader of the suffragette movement, which fought for women's right to vote. Turkey: Halide Edib Adıvar - A writer, educator, and advocate for women’s participation in public life during Turkey’s early republican era. Africa Egypt: Nawal El Saadawi - A feminist writer and activist, she fought for women's rights in a patriarchal society and addressed issues like female genital mutilation. South Africa: Winnie Madikizela-Mandela - An anti-apartheid activist and advocate for women’s empowerment. Nigeria: Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie - Renowned author and feminist voice, famous for We Should All Be Feminists. North America United States: Gloria Steinem - A journalist and activist, she co-founded Ms. Magazine and has been a central figure in the women’s liberation movement. Canada: Nellie McClung - A suffragist and key figure in the movement for women’s voting rights in Canada. Mexico: Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz - A 17th-century writer and nun who championed women’s education and intellectual freedom. South America Argentina: Eva Perón - An advocate for women’s suffrage and labor rights during her husband’s presidency. Brazil: Bertha Lutz - A suffragist and prominent figure in the fight for women's political rights. Chile: Gabriela Mistral - A poet, educator, and the first Latin American to win the Nobel Prize in Literature, promoting women’s rights and education. Oceania Australia: Edith Cowan - The first woman elected to an Australian parliament, she worked tirelessly for women's rights and social justice. New Zealand: Kate Sheppard - A leading figure in the women's suffrage movement that made New Zealand the first country where women could vote. Middle East Iran: Shirin Ebadi - A lawyer and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, she fights for women’s and children’s rights. Saudi Arabia: Loujain al-Hathloul - A prominent activist who campaigned for women’s right to drive and an end to male guardianship laws. These women are just a few examples of countless figures worldwide who have dedicated their lives to advancing gender equality and women’s empowerment.
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